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TJV Reports from Merfyn Owen Report | Start | 11/09/05 | 11/11/05 | 11/15/05 | 11/18/05 | 11/23/05 | Happy Ending | Merfyn Owen is a principal with the very successful Owen Clarke Design firm and as promised is delivering the first of a number of reports from the The Transat Jacques Vabre. Enjoy. - Ed.
Eight days ago when we started looking at the weather it was very benign. The crystal ball forecast, for that's all it can be so far out, predicted the Azores high pressure sat well north in pretty much its summer position. Twenty to twenty five knots from the south west was going to be just perfect for our steed. She's a great boat to weather, but its not to be. As I wake up this morning I know from last nights look at the GRIB files on the computer and after surfing the web looking at the different models we're in classic TJV exit mode. Watch this space you armchair sailors because the double handed fleet is exiting into twenty five, rising thirty to forty knots of breeze from the south west and that will probably mean fifty something as the cold front passes over us. Conditions are going to be 'interesting' until we pass the northern hemisphere's Cape Horn, Cape Finisterre in three or so days time. Waking up and heading off and heading off into this kind of breeze is one of the few aspects of racing I don't enjoy. You'd have to be a masochist to do so and I'm not one. I'd sooner hang out for a couple of days in one of the numerous bars and restaurants that I've been avoiding since landing here in Le Havre. Having said that, our boat is ready to go thanks to Owen Clarke's Tim Sadler whose been running the preparation of the boat. Kip himself knows the boat well in these conditions, he won the single-handed Transat Race in record time last year on her. And me? Well, as soon as I'm free of the land and the start area I know from old I'll settle in nicely to the routine. To be honest I look forward now to the release from my land life of task lists, palm pilots and mobile phones. As I struggled a little last night to drift off to sleep my mind was reliving the start of the BT Global Challenge in 1996 when I was the skipper of Global Teamwork. We set off into the channel into the same forty knots of wind on pretty much the same route, to Rio instead of Salvador that time. I remember waking to the rain lashing against the window pane at our hotel and feeling the same trepidation as I'd felt many times before a big offshore event, thinking why do I do this? However, I also remember twenty four hours from Rio thinking, I wish we didn't have to stop. I very much suspect that having qualified for this race by winning the Bermuda 1-2 with Kip earlier in the summer and remembering how much we enjoyed sailing together that we're both going to feel the same thing as we approach Salvador, Brazil. The bows will be facing south and Cape Horn or the Cape of Good Hope would not be many weeks away for our trusty Artforms. But, this adventure will have to stop in a few weeks and I will return to the job I love, but sometimes I know where I would prefer to be - just not in forty knots on the nose thank you. Finally, my first piece of this log could have been about the tens of thousands of people who've lined the quay over the last week, the fantastic atmosphere and the camaraderie of being part of this great event. But that's not what it's about as I sit here quickly typing away looking at dawn spread across the horizon. We're here to race and as my mates from New Zealand would say, "bring it on !" The Transat Jacques Vabre is a 4,500 nautical mile double-handed race from Le Havre, France to Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, held every four years and sponsored by Kraft Foods France and its coffee brand Jacques Vabre. For more information about the race and to track Artforms across the Atlantic, visit the race website (Also, look for SA's new VOR/TJV forum to go live this weekend - Ed.) Kip, 44, is president and owner of the company Artforms, the current sponsor of the KSOpen 50 campaign. Located in Westbrook, Maine, the company employs 40 people who design, market, and produce high quality tee shirts for specialty retailers in resorts across the US and Caribbean. Kip has over 70,000 offshore miles to his credit, including his win in the 2004 Transat and the 2005 Bermuda 1-2 aboard Artforms. Merfyn Owen, 42, is a naval architect and principal of Owen Clarke Design who are the designers of Artforms. Merf is a double Cape Horner and former round-the-world race boat skipper on the 96/97 BT Global Challenge, and recently won the Bermuda 1-2 with Kip. 11/05/05 Top
A less problematic, but still a less than ideal situation on the Open 50 mono Artforms courtesy of Merfyn Owen ifrom Owen Clarke Design. Well, it was all going swimmingly so to speak and we'd both been doing a fair bit of that both in the cockpit and the foredeck during the first beat down the English Channel. We passed through our first depression pretty much to plan, in the lead, without any damage and tired, but not exhausted. Although we were taking it easy on the boat and rig, Kip and I pushed each other hard driving and working the boat to make up for that. So, after twenty four hours it was a relief to get some sleep and hot food. We were still beating but now enjoying the sailing south of Ushant, free of the impediment of land. As we worked ourselves south through Biscay in fifteen to twenty knots of breeze towards the next front we found ourselves ahead of three sixty footers and very much enjoying the game and planning the next few days. Our sights were also firmly fixed however behind us on second place, American Joe Harris onboard Wells Fargo, Artform's freindly rival in the fifty class for the last two seasons. Both boats I know looking forward to a ding dong battle in what the routing software was predicting as a very fast race. Whilst driving I'd also in my mind already written my first witty take on the race so far, far from the style of email you're now reading. I never got the chance to type it. Monday afternoon, both boats tacked over onto port heading for the front (we get two hourly position reports during the day) and the move made, I got my head down for an hour. Not long after it all seemed to be over for the Artforms Team. Our new mainsail came apart in twenty knots of wind between the headboard and the top batten. It wasn't repairable at sea, that was pretty obvious after some thought and much agonising. We could try with sticky dacron and webbing, but with fourty knots forecast ahead and 4000 miles hard sailing it was with a heavy heart we decided to turn for Lorient 180 miles away. This early in the race there was a far more reliable yet painful option for us if we could get to shore and more to the point motivate ourselves to leave again. To cut a long story short, we had an old main in the UK. With its fast despatch, through our own hard work and the help of some guys from the Trimaran teams here in the old U Boat base we're ready to go. We've been in port less than twelve hours and Wells Fargo now has close to a 400 mile lead on us. We've a few hours to sit and wait, catch a nap while a strong weather system passes through and allows Artforms to get out of what now feels like a jail alongside the dock. To add insult to injury, whereas for Joe, the door at the Portuguese coast will be open, when we arrive it will not be and a high pressure ridge will extend across the course allowing the rabbit run to away from the dog. So, the decision to restart was not an obvious one, with little realistic hope of winning now, what new goals would be sufficient to get us back into our wet gear. Few I hope would have been disparaging if we had not continued - both Kip and I have shown in the past we're not quitters. Only when you've been in a position such as this can one understand the angst of such a moment, the balancing of pros and cons. In the end we're just going out there to do the best we can and try to catch one boat at a time. We also know we'll both learn a lot, Kip for his future races and I for future designs and a better understanding with the sailors, my clients. This isn't an email I'd ever anticipated writing. In all my pre-race interviews I'd stated the blindingly obvious that first you had to clear Cape Finisterre and the first four days without damage and then restart the race. I thought we were well on our way to achieving that. I promise to write more about dolphins, ecology and the meaning of life over the next few weeks - it's going to be a bit of a grind. Buy hey, better than sitting in the office. Gotta go, have to get on it. Merf PS - When we arrived we found that three trimaran teams had broken or capsized boats, thankfully all the guys are going to be fine. One of those teams, Foncia found the time to help us even though they had worries of their own. Thanks Alain. That helped to put our small problems in perspective somewhat. 11/09/05 Top
Merfyn Owen from his design, the Open 50 Artforms, as they get back in it. Fantastic stuff. It's twenty four hours since we left the French (nee Breton) port of Lorient and on the port bow I can already see the lights of the Spanish coast. We've covered some three hundred miles in this time, the first sixteen of these were incredibly wet, pretty cold and very exhilarating. Sailing these boats to the optimum at high speed in waves causes an almost constant fire hose of water to be aimed at the driver. Top kit in these conditions and since the start is my Musto dry suit top over standard 'foulie bottoms'. When you engage the pilot and go down to leeward to retrim the jib the fireman with the hose has all his mates join in too for good measure. Doing any husbandry on the deck, clearing lines, checking the rig etc is done very carefully, harness on and the motion is violent enough at times to force you to move on hands and knees, rolling in and out of the cockpit like a toddler learning to walk in a new and strange environment. On the BT Challenge in the southern ocean I had my crew kitted out with one piece HPX dry suits, but being just two handed there's no real off watch, ever. When we have got in the bunk it's been top off, foulies round ankles, boots on and the shared damp, 'beautifully perfumed' sleeping bag wrapped around the upper body. I kid you not, it's a sheer delight after facing the boys from the Boston fire brigade for hours at a time. That said, in many ways it's been fairly easy sailing, all be it on the edge with our working jib and two reefs most of the time, in winds of twenty five, gusting to thirty five knots under the clouds. We're approaching the influence of the Azores high pressure now and in only one short hour on my watch Artforms went from that reefed configuration to full main and genoa. Now the wind is down to twelve knots, pretty much from the beam and we have the code zero furling reacher set from the bow pole with the gps showing eleven knots towards our intended mark south, some thirty miles off Cape Finisterre. First boat in our sights is Polarity Solo, some one hundred and forty miles ahead. I've no idea where Wells Fargo is, I don't look at the minute it's pointless. When my mate Mike Golding lost his rig in the first twenty four hours of the 2000 Vendee Globe it was eight days until he could start again with new sails and the spare mast rigged, tuned and tested. He's described many times within my hearing how hard it was to leave again and how he motivated himself out there by concentrating on one boat at a time. We're not in the same league as Mike (who is also competing in this race on our sixty foot design, Ecover) and Artforms crew's dilemma is not of the same magnitude of course but it's how I've decided to deal with this in my head. If and when we ever get into a tactical position behind the two leaders then the thought process will change accordingly. Until then we have an overall strategy looking forward to the doldrums crossing and taking into account the predicted weather we know about down the course for the next seven days. Let's see how we get on. To finish with. Now I'm no politician, oceanologist or climatologist but as a navigator who's raced and cruised around the UK for the last twenty years (including in November), I know warm English Channel water when it hits me in the face. I tell you it was one of the things that made the first twenty four hours of this race half bearable. I like to think of myself as a well read educated bloke and so I know that threads of the gulf stream do get into the channel and off the Cornish coast but I've never come across anything like this. If global warming carries on at the same rate we'll be able to hold the Kenwood Cup from Torquay Yacht Club, where just down the road some enterprising local will open a Hooters franchise and import (he'll need too) suitably tanned talent from Malibu, Bondi and Phuket. Hey George junior, this is a real problem you know. If you don't watch out the Royal Cornwall Yacht Club is going to steal end up hosting the SORC. Well, that's at least until the ice cap melts, the Gulf Stream gets diverted south and here in the UK we end up getting winters like Camden, Maine. We'll then have to quit cricket and take up bashing a puck around on top of the frozen village pond and beating each other up with sticks on a Saturday afternoon. On cloudy and particularly moonless nights in light airs the modern pilot often does as good if not better job than a helmsman. It depends, but sometimes it's quicker to let 'George' drive as the human watches the course while trimming sails and keel. That's my que to say the wind's starting to get more shifty outside and popping in and out from the chart table isn't cutting it. Hope this is the kind of mix you're readers will like. You can always plead the XXXXth amendment of course and invoke your constitutional right as the editor to take the big red pen to it. Gotto go now, more later in the same vein from the 'limey and yank' team. Fair
winds Merfyn
Owen 11/11/05 Top
The latest Transat Jacques Vabres report from Merfyn Owen on Artforms. Well it's been a hectic six days since our unscheduled stop for coffee and croissant in Lorient. I had meant to write more frequently but the pace of the first third of the course for us was unremitting. Yes, we left again on the TJV in some 'Spirit of Adventure', given that we knew we would fall some five hundred miles behind the leader by the time we negotiated the high off Portugal. At the same time we didn't wish to embarrass ourselves either so we have pushed Artforms particularly hard. Some joy onboard then this morning when we find ourselves in third place and less than two hundred miles from second. With a long patch of light airs left to negotiate as well as the ITCZ this is a number one can grapple with. As for Gryphon Solo, we think that we're running out runway so to speak to catch them and they remain probably for us a bridge too far. Spurring us on there is also the lure of samba dancing and caiparinhas at the prize giving a week on Friday, a big push for us small fry on the fifties to get there in time. Meanwhile on the good ship Artforms and I suppose somewhat unbelievable to those sat at home, but as we pass the latitude of Casablanca, this has been the first day when the boat has been dry. We have been underwater, grabbing sleep in our foul weather bottoms and boots now for fifteen hundred miles. Today we saw sun for the first time after a week of grey skies and rushing water over both the deck and our heads. Until the finish now that same sun that was so welcome will become a torturer. Temperatures in the cabin are already beginning to rise as we approach the tropic of cancer and the Cape Verde islands some six hundred miles to our south. On the helm and below there will be no rest from its attention. As I write however, we're sailing under spinnaker in a cool and stable tropical breeze well west of our other competitors who are suffering from light winds tucked in closer to the African coast. The night is clear, the rain squalls that can spell disaster for a light weight nylon spinnaker have moved away for the time being. Kip has just taken the deck from me and is guiding his boat across a flat ocean under a canopy of stars and constellations. I'm beat, but just thought I'd scribble this quick missive before passing out. No anecdotes tonight, I'm off to the weather bunk with a picture of Orion and a far off tropical paradise in mind. I'll come up with some more interesting scribble than this tomorrow. The pace hasn't relaxed but the ability to find the time has become easier as the boat has slowed down and become more habitable. Night all. Merfyn
Owen 11/15/05 Top
The latest Transat Jacques Vabres report from Merfyn Owen on Artforms. Notwithstanding the fact that we lost two days going back to Lorient to change to the old mainsail we're having a blinder of a race. We left the second time with realistic expectations of finishing third or fourth. As I write this mail we're four miles from second place, sailing four knots faster, as well as gaining on the leader, Gryphon Solo, with every pole. They should be well into the new breeze and extending their lead for the moment but why aren't they? Do they have issues, or is it that they've just cut the corner too close to the Cape Verdes Islands and have become caught in the wind shadow and turbulent wind area that extends hundreds of miles to leeward of the mountainous peaks of Santa Antao? Whatever the answer, their problems and those of poor Servane Escoffier and Bertrand de Broc, now in third place have given both of us on Artforms a new focus. There is now perhaps opportunity to seize victory from defeat with almost two thousand miles to go, the doldrums to cross and the potential vagaries of the wind into Salvador, Bahia. On Artforms we know that the Joe Harris (Gryphon Solo) fan club read your site and so until now I've been talking only in generalities and leaving out some of the detail of the first half of our race down to this point. Pushing hard early on meant we broached the boat out at the bottom of a couple of waves on three occasions in the fast run standing out from Portuguese coast, three days into the Atlantic. Two broaches from me to Kip's one. To be fair, the first time I had a bloody great fish wrapped around the port rudder. These wipe outs and the fact that we were 'willing' to repeat them is an indication of the breakneck pace we set ourselves and Kip's determination to do well whatever the cost. Laying a fifty foot boat at high speed on its side in the middle of the Atlantic with only two people onboard requires a "don't try this at home kids" sticker, but with no responsible adult supervision onboard we were left alone, often also with only one of us on deck to get on with what we thought we had to do. In previous logs for Sailing Anarchy I translated the result of our endeavours in terms of pole position and volume of water on deck and over my head, but never in hardware terms. The truth is the fish incident took care of our beautiful running kite after only about six hours of use. In bang/time for your buck that's about the same as a first class transatlantic ticket on British Airways and things don't get much more overpriced than that. Then, just before nightfall on the last day of the big breeze our highly abused Code 5 reacher that we'd been making all the big miles and high speeds with joined the kite in the briny. Thankfully this was a matter of hours before the wind moderated and so her loss hasn't affected us too much. On climbing the mast the next day Kip found that the padeye attachment of the two to one halyard had ripped from the mast. No problem, we've just been sailing conventional one to one with our remaining all purpose (AP) kite ever since. Our remaining code sails will just have to put up with a little less luff tension than normal when we use them on the approach and leaving of the doldrums. This brings me to the last couple of days where we have been bouncing off squalls in the north east trades between the Canaries and Cape Verde Islands. Our AP spinnaker has been very carefully treated in comparison to it's poor cousins. She's the last big downwind sail we have and now that we're up within striking distance of the leader it would be stupid of us to literally blow all the gains we made after that big early push. So, it's been gently gently, squeezing the spinnaker sock and dousing the kite whenever the danger of breeze above twenty knots or so rears its head. The gradient trade wind breeze has proved to be anything from ten to twenty knots, but hidden in some of the clouds have been gusts considerably greater than this. In deed, if you line yourself up on the correct side of the clouds as we've been able to do a few times you can get high speed rides that last as long as an hour, when said dark grey cumulus is travelling in the same direction you want to go. It's worth gybing over to clouds in order to do this and equally worth running away from the backside of them where the breeze can be sapped or badly disturbed for a similar timescale. Yesterday was a very busy day in this respect with probably as many as twelve clouds arriving from different parts of the horizon like mobil mines, waiting to go off. Our endeavours have been made far easier than the last time I was down here by a full moon. No radar required to see the rain squalls this time, a soft white moonlight has us in perpetual dusk/dawn lighting through the night hours. It's so bright that a torch is rarely required in the cockpit at night except for sail trim. Last night and today has been very quiet by contrast, with steady winds and this has allowed us to get ready for the approaching ITCZ. We've been right through the boat again, drying her out completely and taking a note of fuel, water and food remaining to make sure we're as light as possible for the final eight or so days it will take us to get to the finish. Our 360 mile detour to Lorient has meant that actually we don't have a single bottle of water to spare. We're not going to exactly go thirsty but I had my first saltwater shave for a few years this morning. The menu of what we have left for the next week wouldn't appeal to most I suppose, but to be honest that's hardly the focus of our attentions right now. In many ways it would suit us if this race extended further down the coast to say Rio de Janeiro or Santos, since in reality we are probably going to run out of runway and passing routes around our fellow American boat before the chequered flag is waved. That's not going to stop us having a bloody good stab at it though. Cheers Merfyn
Owen 11/18/05 Top
Yesterday, Josh Hall, co-skipper of the Open 50 Gryphon Solo, current leader in the 50' monohull class in the Transat Jacques Vabre threw down against the on the water and verbal attack ( Read ) of Merfyn Owen aboard their nearest competitor Artforms. Here Merf gets real. Enjoy. Kip and I crossed the equator not long after dawn this morning. In fact we missed the event by a couple of minutes as to be honest it had not been on our radar so to speak. Nevertheless we cracked a small bottle of Mumm Champagne and gave it and six 'sweet sloop' candies ( gotta have em, believe me ! www.sweetsloop.com) a swift departure over the side to apease Neptune. Now landlubbers might say 'what superstitous twaddle', but any sailor knows that at some time you need all the help you can get. There's no such thing as an aethiest in a slit trench, that's us then, Neptune or no Neptune we were taking no chances. He's welcome to the champagne. So how did it all get this close when in my last log I was my normal upbeat self? Well, I lied to your readers and the Joe Harris fan club. We knew we potentially had it coming but for tactical reasons we were spinning a story in order to keep some pressure on Joe and Josh just to see if they'd make a mistake by pushing too hard. It was clear to us that as soon as Gryphon Solo broke away from behind the Verdes that barring a very slow doldrums passage or some disaster (that no sailor would wish on another) they were going to be unstopable. Our focus despite what we said at the time has been on holding second place against Servane Escoffier and the immensely experienced Vendee and ORMA 60 tri skipper, Bertrand de Broc. They're sailing the present TJV 50 class record holding boat, JP Mouligne's ex Cray Valley. So as Kip would call himself, it's the T shirt salesman and the yacht designer in onboard our 'new' stallion against the professional sailors in their recently refitted 'old' warhorse. Anyway briefly, from the Verdes we truly missed our Code 5 reaching sail for the first but not last time. Some of your readers may have noticed we took a rather indirect route to the doldrums from the islands. Without the 5 we can't do direct. We're sailing more miles under spinaker and an improvised 'cutter' arrangement of Code 0 on the bowsprit with working jib that just about gets us where want to go the long way around. That and passing through the doldrums slower than our rivals despite the usually favourable 'narrow' western entry left us with only a twenty odd mile lead once we came out of the other side, some 150 miles west of Vedettes de Brehat. The result of this which might make interesting watching for some of you folks over the next couple of days is that being east is now favourable as it allows our rivals a fourteen degree better angle to the wind. They should be much faster, but they are not. In the two days so far we have just about held our own. Our new boat seems to be able to sail to this disadvantage and although miles are won and lost here and there both antagonists are putting up a fairly even fight. Servane and Bertrand are now only sixty miles to our west having spent a good deal of their advantage for little gain, which must be frustrating for them. In such a long race, it's unlikely that they haven't got their problems too, but from where we're sitting this race could go right down to the wire depending on what the wind does south of Recife on the Brazilian coast (get your old school atlas out). When we started out again from Lorient two days behind the leaders it was with no high expectation of being able to make up the ground on the top two boats. Now that we've managed to get here into second we can't conceive of settling for anything less. We already feel like winners because of a selection of great emails that we've been forwarded from members of the public, but that's not enough. We want the satisfaction of being listed second and wouldn't it make a great story for two US boats to come one and two in their class in this international event? Now the philosophical bit. When doing ocean races one is always asked two questions, what do you miss most and where would you rather be? I've always answered sincerely, nothing and nowhere. I won't go into why it's only important to me. However, for the last ten years as my parents have got older I've worried about being away from the UK as often as I am, particularly when I'm out of reach sailing or in my Land Rover. It sadly came home to roost, not for me but from one of my oldest freinds in the last few days. You know who you are mate and how I will feel. Take care. When it comes to it, this is just yacht racing. We're not curing cancer, we're indulging ourselves in a passion, that's it. I've oft said it before privately and while not wishing to seem to be preaching from some kind of pulpit I'll repeat myself to a much wider audience than I'd ever imagined. Give someone a hug today, don't forget to smell the flowers, A Donf ! and all the other things you read on t shirts and posters, because it's true. Life isn't a rehearsal, so live it and honour and love those closest to you. Perhaps even tell them you do before you can't anymore? Cheers Merf Merfyn
Owen 11/23/05 Top
Our final report from Merfyn Own onboard Artforms. Enjoy. Well we managed to just about hold on to second place in the end and the Gryphon Solo guys secured a well deserved victory having sailed from what behind looked like a flawless race. For Kip and I the last few days did turn into that ding dong battle with Servane and Bertrand de Broc. We sailed the classic line some fifty miles off Recife, staying off the shore on both nights. The guys on Vedettes however read the night breeze/position of the inversion better than us however and cut miles off the route and miles off our lead over the two days, sailing as close as twenty five miles to the beach. On the final evening we had the spinnaker up again, shy reaching in twenty knots of breeze, on the edge and sailing down what seemed to be a black hole very very fast.During the day position reports are circulated to the fleet every two hours, but at night there is a seven hour black out period and it was during this time we had the foot down sailing with abandon once again. We could see the lightning flashes of the inversion inshore of us and felt sure that Vedettes would be caught under it and in an area of little breeze. We were wrong, at a time when we thought we had done enough to give ourselves some breathing space they must have been pushing even harder - we lost another mile of our security blanket. On the last morning the race for second place came down to one gybe we made offshore which had us sailing into the coast on a lifting breeze angle which effectively closed the door to Vedettes passing us. There was still a nervous thirty minutes however as we sailed into the boundary layer of zero wind between the old and new breeze - but then we were off again. Kip and I intended to shave and get cleaned up before our arrival, but the pace of the last forty eight hours and the fact that we ran out of fresh water earlier that morning precluded that. It was a very relieved, unshaven and thirsty pair that arrived on the pontoons to be garlanded by Rosey and the customary Caiparinha thrust in our hands. Artforms finished at 16.46.51 GMT, a mere seventy minutes in front of Vedettes de Brehat. Both boats beat the old record which has since been eclipsed of course by Gryphon Solo who finished some sixteen hours ahead of us. Finally, what of that blast at me from the GS boys on Sailing Anarchy. Well, if you sign up to go public on a website in this way then you open yourself up for criticism and disagreement. Its par for the course and so I have no problem with that. Quite why it was so personal and vitriolic I don't understand but just in case I didn't make it clear for the benefit of SA readers I would like to now. To get to the start of a race like the TJV takes incredible commitment, to finish is not a god given right. But to win you have to have all the factors in play and in this instance on Artforms we didn't. Joe and Josh clearly won this race on merit, they did a great job on all fronts and I know both Kip and I applaud there success in equal measure. The battle on the water between GS, Artforms and Vedettes in this race has been great for a class which has from time to time been on shaky ground. I look forward to the next competition between the boats whatever that may be. As for me I am not sure to be there as the office is calling for a while. Thanks Scot for allowing me this forum and thanks to SA readers for their emails of support that we have received. I enjoyed the writing a great deal. I hope its been well received and that I will get the chance to write again. Very best wishes to you all. Good sailing, Merfyn
Owen 11/30/05 |
